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PepsiCo (PEP): 54 Years of Dividend Increases and Still Trading Below Fair Value

PepsiCo is one of those rare companies where the name barely scratches the surface of what the business actually does. Sure, they make Pepsi and Mountain Dew. But the real empire is much bigger than soda. PepsiCo owns 23 brands that each generate over a billion dollars in annual sales – names like Lay’s, Doritos, Gatorade, Quaker Oats, Cheetos, Tostitos, and SodaStream. They also hold a 39% stake in Tropicana. Altogether, the company pulls in roughly $94 billion a year in revenue and employs around 310,000 people worldwide. It was born from the 1965 merger of Pepsi-Cola and Frito-Lay, though Pepsi-Cola itself dates back to 1898.

Sonoco Products (SON): A 125-Year-Old Packaging Giant Trading at a Discount

Sonoco Products is one of those companies you have probably never heard of, yet you almost certainly interact with their products every week. Founded way back in 1899 in Hartsville, South Carolina, Sonoco makes the packaging that protects everything from the food in your pantry to the medical devices in your local hospital. They operate globally across consumer packaging, industrial packaging, healthcare packaging, and supply-chain services. Think of them as the invisible backbone of how goods get from factories to your front door – safely and intact.

U.S. Bancorp (USB): A Banking Giant With 15 Years of Dividend Growth and 11% Return Potential

U.S. Bancorp, ticker USB, is one of the biggest banks in the country – the fifth-largest commercial bank in the United States by total assets, with a market capitalization around $92 billion. Its roots trace back to 1863, when it started as the First National Bank of Cincinnati. Today it is a diversified financial-services powerhouse offering everything from consumer and business banking to payment processing, wealth management, and corporate lending. If you have ever used a prepaid debit card or certain payment platforms, there is a decent chance U.S. Bancorp’s infrastructure was running behind the scenes.

The Complete Value Investing Framework for 2026

Over the past year, we have covered seventy posts on value investing. Economic moats, margin of safety, capital allocation, financial crises, network effects, succession planning – first principles to edge cases. If you have read them all, you now know more about investing than most finance professionals arguing about quarterly earnings. If you have not, that is fine. This post is your map.

Asset Allocation Lessons From Historical Data

If you have ever spent an evening arguing about the “right” portfolio mix with a friend who just discovered investing, congratulations – you have participated in the oldest debate in finance. Cash, bonds, stocks – how much of each? People have been fighting about this since before spreadsheets existed. The good news is that we have several decades of real allocation data from large investment portfolios, and the patterns tell a remarkably consistent story. One that most investors ignore because it requires patience, which is apparently the rarest commodity in financial markets.

Reading Market Cycles Through Financial Data

There is a pattern hidden in every large investment portfolio, and it tells you more about market conditions than any pundit on financial television. The pattern is simple: track how a disciplined investor allocates capital between cash, bonds, and stocks over time. When cash piles up, the investor cannot find anything cheap enough to buy. When cash drops to almost nothing and equities dominate, the investor found so many bargains they could not write checks fast enough. This is not theory. This is decades of data, and it rhymes in ways that should make you pay attention.

PascalFi

PascalFi explores the intersection of quantitative methods and practical investing. Named after Blaise Pascal, the mathematician who laid the groundwork for probability theory, this blog applies data-driven thinking to investment decisions. The art …

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